Deviant Behavior Homework Chapter 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deviant Behavior Homework Chapter 1 - Essay Example Indeed, irresponsible owners of guns have caused much misery to loved ones of those who died from shootings like the Virginia Tech case. Firearms are sold and trade at local gun shows, flea markets, internet and even classified ads. These transactions do not require a background check; thus, a convicted felon or a mentally ill person can usually obtain firearms in this undesirable manner. This practice must be stopped. We must let our elected officials know the Brady law needs to govern all firearm sales for both licensed and unlicensed dealers. The waiting period should be ten business days which would allow local agencies to do the necessary detailed background check and to communicate with all other states before a purchase is made. Florida has some of the weakest gun laws in the nation. There is no state limit on the number of firearms that can be purchased at one time. As a consequence, a gun trafficker can buy large quantities of guns from a gun store and resell them to criminals from other states with tougher gun laws. An individual should not be allowed to purchase more than one gun in a six-month period unless such person is a state licensed dealer. Unfortunately Florida has no existing state licensing or oversight system which makes it very difficult for law enforcement to monitor illegal firearms. Each state must have a gun dealer regulation which would hold a gun seller accountable for their actions and help prevent criminals and other dangerous people from obtaining guns. For those whose lives have changed because of the reckless use of a firearm, no law is ever enough. The second website presents the justification for possessing firearms. Indeed, the Second Amendment protects the rights of all Americans to bear arms for self defense. So, why should this amendment change? The National Rifle Association has spent millions of dollars on

Gold Marilyn Monroe Andy Warhol

Gold Marilyn Monroe Andy Warhol The colors used are outstanding whereby he used gold color to form the background and surrounds of the face. I love the way Warhol used the colors to give and outstanding piece of art. The face is the only image on the massive canvas platform (611 ÂÂ ¼ X 57 (211.4 x 144.7 cm)). Warhol Canvas, Silkscreen ink are the main materials used in the painting. Warhol painted the image on the canvas to bring out an actual sensation or display of Marilyn Monroe; a goddess of sensuality. The most extraordinary feature of Andy Warhols legendary painting of Marilyn Monroes face is how he forms his version of her. The face of Marilyn Monroe is very familiar and almost everyone knows how she looks like. Warhol succeeded wholly in conceptualizing a famous face and recreating it as par his own fashion. Such a piece of work is exceptional and for generations it will make the basis for upcoming painters. The Gold Marilyn Monroe painting is a religious painting. Her face is depicted as a religious icon relating to the Christian history. The painter exhibited her as a matyr, someone who is adored or worshiped just like Mary mother of Jesus Christ. The gold Marilyn painting undermines the peculiarity between image and reality. The painting exists on its own simulacrum. The gold Marilyn is an exclusive sign among many; a symbol spotting and mirroring other signs in a non-ending motion. . The wise use of colors represents the life that Marilyn led in public. For in stance, she led a glamorous life spiced with parties, celebrities and wealth. There are many symbols in the painting for instance, the whole picture is a sex symbol. Colors have been used cleverly by the artist to produce and display different meanings and symbols. The golden background is a symbol of lavish life that was led by Marilyn Monroe in relation to the Niagara movie in 1953 where she was the main character and the impact she left back on Hollywood and America at large as a star. The bright yellow golden color was used to represent her blonde hair. This symbolizes a beautiful lady that every guy will want to be with and a woman that all young ladies would like to associate themselves with. The art work or the painting was drawn during the age of popular music, hence it a pop art painting. Warhol had an in drive to paint pictures of popular music celebrities. During 1962, pop music and dance were prevalent and hence they made the basis for the societal culture. The Gold Marilyn Monroe portrait is one of the pop art pictures painted by Warhol. The Gold Marilyn glorifies the popular culture and also from the critiques point of view it gives a notion of consumer culture that emerged in the US after World War II. The gold Marilyn Monroe painting; to the creator it represents a Hollywood star that is adored by everyone. The artist wanted viewers of the painting to have understood that celebrities lead an expensive and lavish lifestyle. In general Warhol reflected the obsession that the society has for a celebrity. This is clearly portrayed by the expensive use of golden colors on a silkscreen; using the golden color as the background and only drawing a face at the centre of the big canvas clearly shows that Monroe was a public icon The picture has a religious or spiritual context given that the picture was created just a few months after the death of Marilyn Monroe. She committed suicide; a mysterious circumstance. Personal life of Marilyn Monroe and her ultimate death made the painting more powerful and emotionally appealing to the public. The public was fascinated on the look of the painting and connected with it given that the portrayed resembled Monroe herself in the Niagara movie. She was an icon to many and Warhol displayed her at her best, young and beautiful. The picture gave the public an emotional attachment to the deceased Monroe. Death had snatched away one that they identified themselves with. Warhol as an artist used exceptional techniques that had never been explored in the world at large. He used a collective combination of photography and painting to come up with a glamorous image using bright abstract colors. The silkscreened face image of a young and beautiful lady on a huge mass of a canvas was magnificently painted. In this section I am going to describe the use of each color, lines, and shades as used in the painting. Warhol used golden brown color to form the background of the picture. The background is painted darkly and uniformly on the peripheries. Towards the center the color is much lighter compared to the outwards or sideways. At the center a much dork brown color is used forming a protruding rectangular platform that holds the actual face image. This technique makes the womans gaze to focus directly on the observer of the picture. The painter also used golden yellow color, forming curly lines on the head of the picture to represent the beautiful and lovely hair of Marilyn Monroe. To right of the image, Warhol used brighter yellow color to give an impression that there was light coming from this side. To the left of left of the head; the golden yellow color is mixed with black color to give us a feeling of a shadow cast by head blocking the light that is coming from the right-hand side. Consequently, Warhol used pink color to represent the face and the neck of the woman in the picture. The right cheek is more lightly compared to the left one. This implies that the light is coming from the right side of the picture. The black color has also been used appropriately to represent different shadows in the picture. For instance, the black color below the chin gives us a natural sensation that we cannot see fully under the chin of a person when we look or view him/her from the frontal perspective. Nevertheless, the eyebrows have also been painted black by the artist to give us an actual sensation of a natural human being. The eyelashes are also painted black. Furthermore, below the nose, black color represents the voids that are found exactly below a natural human nose when he or she is exposed to light. The artist wisely used maroon color paint the lips thus giving the picture a real and natural color of human lips with maroon lip-steak. The white color between the lips of the woman in the picture represents white teeth, giving us an impression that the woman was smiling. The green color just below the left cheek has been used to show us that the woman in the picture was wearing a green garment tied at the back. The artist also employed the use of lines in the painting to present different aspects of his work. In reference to the picture; straight lines have been used to for a rectangular piece at the center forming the frame in which the actual image is drawn. The total picture fits proportionally in this rectangular frame. He also used softly wavy or curl lines on the head to represent the rough texture of an individuals hair. The mixture of these curly lines and golden yellow color completely implies that this is real hair. The rounded curve like lines was used by the artist to represent eyebrows and eyelashes. He also employed the use of soft rounded lines to make up the nose of the picture. The top lip was drawn rather painted with a thin line while the lower lip is full as it is painted with a thick line. It is impressive and remarkable how the artist used light in the painting. To be more specific the use of light is the one that brings out the beauty and elegance of the whole image. The image is illuminated from the right hand side; this side is brightly painted. The voids on the picture, for example where the light does not reach, the artist used black color to bring out the actual sensation. The hair on the right part of the head is painted brightly with bight golden yellow color while the hair on the left side of the head is painted with dark golden yellow color. This is clear evidence that the light is coming from the right side of the picture while the shadow is on the left side. The space in the picture, in my own opinion, Warhol did not maximally use the provided space. The image could have been painted to fill up the space available. He only used a fraction of the whole platform, only drawing a small face of a woman at the center of the massive canvas. Warhol cleverly combined his colors in the image to come up with an outstanding painting. He is well organized throughout his work. He achieved his mandate, and I call upon all upcoming artists to learn and emulate his fantastic piece of art. The main point that Warhol wanted observers of Gold Marilyn Monroe painting was that she was beautiful and a sex symbol to the society. He managed to achieve this brilliant theme by ingeniously using a combination of colors and lines to create a picture the glues an observer at a glance. The artist wanted to remind his audience about the lavish and expensive lifestyle that Marilyn Monroe led while she was alive. The joyful mood that she used to have on several occasions especially in Niagara movie was completely revealed in the picture. Her smiles in the painting justify this analogy. The only technique that Warhol used that am subjective with is the way he used space and some colors in the painting. The painting is more complex towards the center where he concentrates the whole picture in a small portion of space at the center. Secondly, the color used to represent the hair and the face is in contrast with the natural color of the face and hair of a human being. The whole aspect of the image is great and good and in fact I recommend anyone who is interested in pop art to take gold Marilyn Monroe painting as the basis of his or her interest. I liked everything about the image at a glance, as the picture itself is appealing and beautiful. The only contrast is the use of pink and yellow color s to represent the face and hair respectively. The big lesson I learned from this particular piece of art is that one can use different colors to create an image that has a natural impact. Good thoughts always culminate into tremendous quality work especially in painting. You can capture many people, funs and credible clients with every beautiful work that you produce. It is amazing how this work of art has taught me; good work can be admired a very long period of time. Good thoughts always culminate into tremendous quality work especially in painting; you can capture many funs and credible clients for the beautiful work you produce. Conclusion: What connections do you see between the subject matter and techniques the artist has used? What mood does the artist after? HOw successful was the artist in expressing or interpreting that mood? What was your subjective reaction to the work? How well did you like it or not and why? What did you learn from this particular piece of art and experience? The most extraordinary aspect to Andy Warhols famous painting of Marilyn Monroes face is how he forms his own version of her. Marilyn Monroes face is very recognizable, and almost everyone knows what she looks like. Warhol succeeds in taking a famous face, and recreating it according to his own style. The first thing I see when I look at this painting is large areas of colors. I see a green background, bright yellow hair, a pink face, green eye shadow, yellow eyes, red lips, a green mole, and a red area that appears to be her shirt. The second thing I see when I look at the poster again is black. I see black shading in the hair and around the face, black shading that creates the eyes, eyebrows and nose, black shading in the lips, and a black mole inside the green one. Another thing I notice about this painting is how it gets smaller and more complex in the middle. The green background is large and has almost no detail to it. Then the large area of yellow hair has black shading that gives it movement and dimension. Next, the eyes, nose, and mouth are created within the pink heart-shaped face. Warhol uses black shading to create the eyebrows and eyes. He gives Marilyn green eye shadow and paints yellow in her inner eye. Her eyelids and eyelashes are thick, as if she is wearing black eyeliner and mascara. Her little nose is also created with black shading, and her mole consists of a black dot with a larger green dot imperfectly surrounding it. Her lips are full and seductive, and it looks as though Warhol outlined and colored her lips in with red paint, and then proceeded to shade them inside with black. He also shades a lot along the left side of her face, into her red blouse. I notice how Warhol balances these two opposites, color and black, perhaps to highlight the two facets of Marilyns life. The colors that he uses are not true to form, but it works regardless. No one really has hair that yellow, a face that pink, or lips that red. Also, it seems rare to wear green eye shadow that bright or have yellow eyes. The effect of this exaggeration of colors is that it makes Marilyn look cartoon-like, and almost not real. This represents Marilyns public life. Externally, Marilyn led a glamorous life full of parties, celebrities, and wealth, but that was fake and overdone, just like the colors. Internally, however, her personal life was full of scandal, deceit, and heartache. This private side of Marilyn Monroe is evident through the black that forms her eyes. Though her lips do give off a sexy feeling, the shading and detailing around her eyes tell a deeper story. She looks sad and hurt, as if she is yearning for someone to help her. It is quite impressive how Warhol manages to accomplish that without losing his signature pop art style of bright colors and animated images. The message that I get from this piece is that nothing is ever what it seems. Warhol uses vivid colors and dark shading to emphasize this idea. The large areas of color symbolize a happy exterior. Things may seem to be wonderful and great on the outside, but when given a deeper look, everything has some black on the inside

The Concept of Love in Ovids Metamorphoses :: Ovid Metamorphoses Essays

The Concept of Love in Ovid's Metamorphoses In Ovid's Metamorphoses, the concept of love seems to vary from character to character. In one case, a god in the form of a man desperately seeks a particular woman and refuses to relent until he has her. In another instance, a female goddess cares deeply for a man and goes to great lengths to protect him from danger. In yet another case, both who are arranged to be married seem indifferent about the matter. This anti-epic certainly does not follow the adventurous theme of the epic. There is no protagonist hero to focus on unless you visualize the god's prey as the hero in his/her escape. The assembled writings seem to be more of a recording of the misdeeds of the gods. It appears that Ovid wanted to write about the desires of gods and people instead of a great adventure. Ovid's work ridicules the concept of marriage and harmony between the sexes. It paints men and women as individual creatures who have little desire of joining with the opposite sex. The male gods are impelled by Cupid's power to chase certain female characters. Of course, the female characters are not interested and choose to evade capture so that they may continue with their individual desires. When the female god Venus falls for a human male and lays with him, she goes to great lengths to protect him from the wild animals. She specifically tells him to be bold "when you approach the timid animals, those who are quick to flee: but do not be audacious when you face courageous beasts" (Ovid 936). The man Adonis chose not to heed the god's warning and went on to hunt a wild boar with the aid of his hounds. The boar that Venus despised killed the human that she lusted after. This is another example of individual wants taking precedence over the joined couple. Pygmalion was so much of an individualist that he created his own mate from ivory. The Concept of Love in Ovid's Metamorphoses :: Ovid Metamorphoses Essays The Concept of Love in Ovid's Metamorphoses In Ovid's Metamorphoses, the concept of love seems to vary from character to character. In one case, a god in the form of a man desperately seeks a particular woman and refuses to relent until he has her. In another instance, a female goddess cares deeply for a man and goes to great lengths to protect him from danger. In yet another case, both who are arranged to be married seem indifferent about the matter. This anti-epic certainly does not follow the adventurous theme of the epic. There is no protagonist hero to focus on unless you visualize the god's prey as the hero in his/her escape. The assembled writings seem to be more of a recording of the misdeeds of the gods. It appears that Ovid wanted to write about the desires of gods and people instead of a great adventure. Ovid's work ridicules the concept of marriage and harmony between the sexes. It paints men and women as individual creatures who have little desire of joining with the opposite sex. The male gods are impelled by Cupid's power to chase certain female characters. Of course, the female characters are not interested and choose to evade capture so that they may continue with their individual desires. When the female god Venus falls for a human male and lays with him, she goes to great lengths to protect him from the wild animals. She specifically tells him to be bold "when you approach the timid animals, those who are quick to flee: but do not be audacious when you face courageous beasts" (Ovid 936). The man Adonis chose not to heed the god's warning and went on to hunt a wild boar with the aid of his hounds. The boar that Venus despised killed the human that she lusted after. This is another example of individual wants taking precedence over the joined couple. Pygmalion was so much of an individualist that he created his own mate from ivory.

A New Definition of Environmentalism

Environmentalism is believed to be a movement, â€Å"especially in politics and consumer affairs† (â€Å"Environmentalism,† 2007).   However, politicians and the media continue to disagree about the connection between anthropo genic greenhouse gas emissions and climate change (Oreskes, 2004).Those that actively work to protect nature against abuse are referred to as environmentalists or people who are part of the â€Å"environmental community† (Shellenberger & Nordhaus, 2005).   The essay about an individual working to protect nature by changing his or her habits and activities is, therefore, a breath of fresh air.   Indeed, it is possible for all individuals to work on protecting nature by changing their habits and activities.While politicians and the media may continue to disagree about the relationship between global warming and anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, the individual who deeply contemplates the consequences of his or her habits and activi ties is wiser for sure.He or she does not need to join the so-called â€Å"environmental community† (Shellenberger & Nordhaus).   Neither does it matter that others may disagree with him or her.   Rather, it is the here and now that the individual protector of the environment is concerned with.The essay about the individual protector of the environment thereby calls for a new definition of environmentalism: it is a movement, especially in politics, consumer affairs and individual activities, â€Å"that works towards protecting the natural world from harmful human activities† (â€Å"Environmentalism†).Whereas politics and consumer affairs are concerned with the protection of the environment on behalf of the unaware if not ‘uncertain’ masses, it is the individual protector of the environment that refuses to accept defeat in this regard.   He or she does not doubt that his or her activities impact the environment.   As a matter of fact, his or her right-mindedness in this matter should be seen as the motive force behind environmental politics and consumer affairs.ReferencesEnvironmentalism. (2007). NineMSN Encarta. Retrieved March 30, 2008, from http://au.encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary /DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=18616Oreskes, N. (2004). Beyond The Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change.Science 306 (5702): 1686. Retrieved March 30, 2008, from http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/306/5702/1686.Shellenberger, M., & Nordhaus, T. (2005). The Death of Environmentalism: Global WarmingPolitics in a Post-environmental World. Retrieved March 30, 2008, from http://www.grist.org/news/maindish/2005/01/13/doe-reprint/.

Explanations for Criminal Behaviour

Compare two explanations for criminal behaviour. Crime is simply the behaviour that breaks the law. However, as Standen points out, â€Å"the understanding of what actually constitutes crime varies according to historical, cultural and power dimensions which may rule different behaviours as criminal at different times†, (n. d, p. 1). The most obvious example of this is when the law changes. For example from viewing the list of criminal offences by the Legal Services Commission, aiding suicide became a crime in 1961, yet causing death by dangerous driving did not become a crime until 1988.Criminal behaviour can then be explained as the violation of the criminal code. Usually to be convicted of a crime, an individual needs to have acted deliberately and without justification of their actions. Understanding why crime occurs is a big problem, yet there are certain explanations that can explain criminal behaviour. Modern theories that attempt to explain criminal behaviour emphasise the nature versus nurture debate; genes set the limits on behaviour while the environment forms developments in the limits (Standen n. d: p. 2).Some of these theories put an emphasis on physical features. Sheldon developed somatypes, suggesting that broad and muscular mesomorphs were more likely to be criminals. His findings support the fact that criminals are more likely to be muscular, yet to date it is still unclear what the link is between mesomorphy and crime (Standen n. d: p. 3). Out of the numerous theories that try to explain criminal behaviour, there are two which can explain it more effectively; sociological and psychological. Sociological criminology examines group variables to crime.Bartol and Bartol suggest these variables include age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, personal relationships and ethnic-cultural affiliation (Bartol and Bartol, 2005: p. 5). These variables have important relationships with categories and patterns of crime. For example sociological crim inology has determined that African American males from disadvantaged backgrounds are more represented as perpetrators of homicide. More black people are excluded from school, leading to the notion that young African American males are disproportionately involved in crime.Social class and poverty are involved in research on crime. Most sociological theories emphasise the lower a person’s social class; the more likely they are to display criminal behaviour. For example, a low class person who is living under poor economic conditions is more likely to commit a criminal offence such as burglary to survive. Schools in deprived areas have low academic achievement, which is a characteristic of many offenders. Schools in these areas can fail to engage with challenging pupils, causing them to truant and becoming involved in criminal behaviour.Standen suggests that challenging pupils will eventually fail to achieve the qualifications needed to escape having a criminal career (Standen, n. d: p. 9). Psychological criminology is the science of behaviour and mental processes of the criminal. Bartol and Bartol state that â€Å"whereas sociological criminology focuses on society and groups as a whole, psychological criminology focuses on individual criminal behaviour† (2005: p6). It centres on how criminal behaviour is acquired, maintained and modified.The â€Å"social and personality influences on criminal behaviour are considered along with the mental processes that mediate that behaviour† (Bartol and Bartol, 2005: p. 6). Eysenck developed a psychological theory of crime that suggests neuroticism and extroversion are linked to antisocial behaviour. Eysenck eventually developed the P variable, which was noticed by aggressive and impersonal behaviour. Individuals who score highly on the p variable scale are more likely to display criminal behaviour, for example if a person is abused as a child.Whether it is physically or mentally, the child will develop impersonal behaviour, detaching themselves from their social setting to cope with what is happening to them. Once the child has become detached, this can progress with them to adulthood and cause them to become violent and display criminal behaviour. William Glasser introduced rational choice theory which is seen as the most common reason why criminals do what they do. The theory suggests the offender is completely rational when they make the decision to commit a crime.Within choice theory there are three representations of criminal behaviour; the rational actor where individuals choose whether to do the crime; the predestined actor where criminals cannot control their urges causing them to commit crime and the victimised actor where the offender has been a victim of society. Choice theory therefore offers numerous explanations why a person could offend. Psychological and sociological theories are well represented and explain why criminal behaviour occurs.As suggested by Bartol and Bartol, crime occurs in a social context, so factors like race, ethnicity, gender and social class will always be involved in explaining criminal behaviour. Explaining criminal behaviour improves the understanding of why people commit crime. In the United Kingdom, the police force has been given more authority to tackle criminal behaviour with seizure measures (Whitehead 2011). This could help determine more in depth explanations as to why criminal behaviour occurs, especially in certain social divisions.

Carol Anne Duffys Adultery Essays - Duffy, Adultery, Poetry

Carol Anne Duffy's Adultery Essays - Duffy, Adultery, Poetry Carol Anne Duffy's Adultery FORM AND STRUCTURE Carol Anne Duffys poem Adultery is structured in a traditional and straightforward way. It is comprised of eleven verses - each with the common four lines, which consist of between four and nine words. This makes the poem not particularly striking at the first look, before it is read. The typography does not attract the readers attention, this is probably because Duffy wants the reader to concentrate on the language, and is not concerned with the shape that the lines form, or how they relate to the themes of the poem. RHYME AND RHYTHM Duffy does not seem particularly interested in rhyme in this poem, and probably decided before writing it that she did not want any. Therefore rhyme has been avoided, as has a regular, repetitive rhythm. I think that Duffy wants to allow the language to speak for itself, without getting tangled up in rhyme and rhythm schemes, and having to change what she wants to say in order to make it fit these limitations. She also wants to avoid losing the impact of the poem. This has much to do with the language used, poetic devices, and very often, the lack of rhythm, seen clearly in the first verse when she writes: Guilt. A sick, green tint The caesura breaks up the line, splitting it into two. If she were writing within the barriers of a specific rhythm, she would probably be tempted, and perhaps compelled to, split this line exactly in half, in order to balance it and keep the structure. This would not have the same effect. The caesura is used as dramatic device, implying that the poem is intended to be read out loud. The break makes the reader pause, giving the first word a larger impact as it is isolated from the rest of the text. It also does the same for the following sentence, and as it is on the end of the verse, there is a natural pause here as well, giving this line impact and power. Seeing as it also highlights a key theme in the poem, guilt, it is also an important line as it tells the reader a little about what to expect, and also raises their interest and expectations, Guilt? Why? Who? LANGUAGE Duffy uses language very effectively in this poem. She wants to create a specific atmosphere and then build on it, creating characters, situations and emotions as she does so. She wants an atmosphere of sleaziness and seediness, but wants it to sound exciting, dangerous and seductive. She also examines the harm that the situations cause. The first verse (or stanza) is packed with intrigue, mystery, excitement and questions. Wear dark glasses in the rain, demands the first line, and the reader gets ideas of disguise. It goes on to mention unhurt and bruise - dark glasses to hide a black eye? Maybe not, another glance at the title, Adultery, suggests something else - sado-masochism? Then comes the guilt, as mentioned above, and reader knows she is talking about a sexual affair - but who? What? Where? We want to know more. The second verse builds on the sexual intrigue with mentions of hands can do many things, and money tucked in the palms suggests prostitution, as well as wash themselves maybe implying that they feel dirty? Duffy is building an atmosphere which is sexually charged and filled with riddles and ambiguous comments, daring the reader to assume a sexually link. The next verse features the line: You are naked under your clothes all day..., another sexual connotation, perhaps implying that the clothes are a disguise, and all day the character does something which is not really them, and underneath they are different, naked suggests vulnerability. There is also ...brings you alone to your knees... and ...more, more..., which could suggest oral sex, while the repetition shows that Duffy considers this the most important word of the line, demanding it stands out, and it could suggest an unsatisfied sexual appetite, or description of the frequency of the couples meetings. Dishonesty is mentioned with deceit and Suck a lie with a hole in it. This could be a more explicit reference to oral sex, or more obscurely, Polo mints, the mint you suck with a hole in it. Duffy could be saying that the lies are sweet, addictive and refreshing compared with a mundane life, like Polo mints; she could mean that the lies come as easily as sweets from a packet, although probably not.

Free Essays on The Plantation Mistress

â€Å"The Plantation Mistress† By Catherine Clinton The Plantation Mistress focuses on the elite women living on plantations with twenty or more slaves in the seven seaboard states of the plantation South during the period between 1780 and 1835. Through the study of nearly 500 manuscript collections that housed the contents of family letters, household inventories, the papers of female academies, commonplace books and physicians’ records Clinton attempts to shed light upon the hidden lives of southern plantation mistresses, who she states, have been prisoners of myth, legend, and folklore. Many of the diaries and memoirs she studied are unpublished and unexamined. Clinton reveals the life of a plantation mistress and her role as wife, mother, and household manager in the antebellum South. Additional areas of discussion include kinship, courtship, marriage, and divorce; moral standards; health and childbearing; the isolation of plantation life; the â€Å"curse of slavery† and the â€Å"sexual dynamics of slavery.† Clinton believed that southern women occupied an undesirable position with respect to women of the North. She found that southern women married at a younger age, had more children, and died earlier, often in childbirth. They were also burdened with more complex tasks of household management and lived in greater isolation; thus reducing the female companionship of emotional support and social gatherings. Far from the life of leisure, women were really prisoners of the southern male system. Clinton states that slavery contributed to the oppression of women: â€Å"Patriarchy was the bedrock upon which the slave society was founded, and slavery exaggerated the pattern of subjugation that patriarchy had established† (p. 6) It was an oppression that equaled and in some ways exceeded that experienced by slaves. â€Å"These women were merely prisoners in disguise† (p. 109) Overall, women in the antebellum South were gen... Free Essays on The Plantation Mistress Free Essays on The Plantation Mistress â€Å"The Plantation Mistress† By Catherine Clinton The Plantation Mistress focuses on the elite women living on plantations with twenty or more slaves in the seven seaboard states of the plantation South during the period between 1780 and 1835. Through the study of nearly 500 manuscript collections that housed the contents of family letters, household inventories, the papers of female academies, commonplace books and physicians’ records Clinton attempts to shed light upon the hidden lives of southern plantation mistresses, who she states, have been prisoners of myth, legend, and folklore. Many of the diaries and memoirs she studied are unpublished and unexamined. Clinton reveals the life of a plantation mistress and her role as wife, mother, and household manager in the antebellum South. Additional areas of discussion include kinship, courtship, marriage, and divorce; moral standards; health and childbearing; the isolation of plantation life; the â€Å"curse of slavery† and the â€Å"sexual dynamics of slavery.† Clinton believed that southern women occupied an undesirable position with respect to women of the North. She found that southern women married at a younger age, had more children, and died earlier, often in childbirth. They were also burdened with more complex tasks of household management and lived in greater isolation; thus reducing the female companionship of emotional support and social gatherings. Far from the life of leisure, women were really prisoners of the southern male system. Clinton states that slavery contributed to the oppression of women: â€Å"Patriarchy was the bedrock upon which the slave society was founded, and slavery exaggerated the pattern of subjugation that patriarchy had established† (p. 6) It was an oppression that equaled and in some ways exceeded that experienced by slaves. â€Å"These women were merely prisoners in disguise† (p. 109) Overall, women in the antebellum South were gen...

Safety and Security

Safety and Security Safety and Security Safety and Security By Maeve Maddox Cora wants to know the difference between safety and security. Safety and security and their adjectives safe and secure are often used in tandem, as in the hymn: Leaning, leaning, safe and secure from all alarm Leaning, leaning, leaning on the everlasting arms These definitions from the OED treat them as synonyms: safety: a. The state of being safe; exemption from hurt or injury; freedom from danger. safety chain, a chain providing additional security security: The condition of being protected from or not exposed to danger; safety. Nevertheless, the words differ in connotation and writers will weigh the context when deciding which to use. Safe and safety, for example, push emotional buttons that secure and security dont. We speak of national security, but personal safety. Threatened townspeople seek the security of castle walls, but a frightened child runs to the safety of her fathers arms. Security surrounds, but safety enfolds. Perhaps the lingering differences between the words can be found in their differing etymologies. Safe comes from Latin salvus, uninjured, healthy. Its related to salus, good health. Secure comes from Latin securus, without care, from se, free from, and cura, care. To my mind, security suggests freedom from worries that derive from knowing that certain external safeguards are in place and that I can rely on them to protect me and my property. Safety is a richer word that includes an inner certainty that all is well. In a sense, security is external, while safety is internal. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?Taser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?Hyphenation in Compound Nouns

My Leadership Model Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

My Leadership Model - Assignment Example When I completed my Bachelor of Psychology, I decided to develop my leadership skills and abilities. Moreover, the courses that I completed in Graduate Certificate of Human Resources in 2010 and Master of Human Resources in 2011 facilitated in developing my leadership abilities. I took my determination as my motivation, and now I often realize that directing others makes an individual responsible and proud indeed. I regard leadership as the process that emphasises working collaboratively within a team or a group towards achieving common goals, at the same time respecting and appreciating the ideas and the motivation of team members. Furthermore, I believe that motivation and leadership are integral parts to each other that cannot work in isolation with one another. To a great extent, leadership requires certain essential skills, particularly in present business setting and in all the aspects of social and professional life. I consider that a few fortunate people are born with some ex traordinary qualities of leadership while others have to work on developing those qualities. Nonetheless, whether people belong to either of these categories, the ability of people to lead effectively has immense influenced workplace environment that seek employees and other people to contribute their best towards accomplishing the desired objectives. A few of the basic elements that I think are essential for being a good and effectual leader include: To be focused and well organized as well as to set goals which are achievable by the groups. A good leader is also well informed about the ongoing processes To value and consider the ideas of each team members and to appreciate those deserving ideas To motivate employees throughout the process of attaining established goals and to lead team members from front even in challenging circumstances To set examples for the group by completing his/her tasks perfectly To display courteous and friendly attitude as well as to prevent any conflict ing situation Evaluating Learning Material Through my involvement in leadership, I have learnt a number of fundamentally important aspects that have been elaborated below: When I began my career as web developer in Department of Forestry, Indonesia, I had to work as a team member. There were other members who were more experienced while I was new and had none. At the initial stage, I thought I will be capable of working as a team member though there were some rooms of doubt. I was determined and put my entire efforts to perform my task efficiently. Soon I found that I could indeed work within a team much efficiently than I had thought. The one month experience as web developer probably provided me with a unique experience and made me realize the importance of team work. After serving my work tenure as a web developer successfully, I took up a job as a programmer for the period of one month in Faculty of Forestry, University of Technolog

NGO Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

NGO Strategy - Case Study Example The paper also looks into the characteristics of the organisation strategies with respect to the different stakeholders including the public sector. Finally, the paper discusses the weaknesses of the strategy. 1.1 Overview of Company in Question -Dell Computers At the dawn of the 21st century CSR began to gain world wide rapid importance and Dell Computers was amongst the first companies to add CSR into its business philosophy. Dell company was the second largest PC company in 2007 (Dell Company Review 2007). This was thanks to its inbuilt advantage of lower cost and highly efficient supply chain management technology (Dell Company Review 2007). Dell Company is the premier computer system provider worldwide with it highly customized products. However, today competitors are emulating Dell strategy through mass production and just in time production methods. According to the company 2007 annual report, the company currently employs more than 88000 people worldwide. As a multinational technological company, it activities are diverse. It currently sells personal computers, computers related products, servers. Data storage devices, network switches, soft wares and computers (Dell 2007 Company Review). No wonder, the Fortune 500 magazine ranked Dell Computers Corporation 8th on its annual list of most admired companies in the United States. The table below extracted from the company webpage provides a brief summary of its market structure. Items Value in Billion of $ Market Capitalisation 45.09 Revenue 61.133 Total Assets 27.561 Total equity 3735 Employees 82700 The next section discusses Dell strategy with respect to the public sector. 1.2 Company Strategy to the Public Sector Porter (1980) contends... The paper talks about the history and strategy of the Company. According to the report Dell Computers business strategy and philosophy is characterized with the Corporate Social Responsibility philosophy (CSR). In recent years, CSR has been subjected to much debate and criticism. Proponents of CSR argue that there is a strong business case for CSR, â€Å"in that corporations benefit in multiple ways by operating with a perspective broader and longer than their own immediate, short-term profits†. Dell Computers corporate strategy is characterized with CSR requirements, an organisation must assess its organisational strengths and weaknesses, as well as its environmental threats and opportunities, which will enable it choose among alternative courses of action. In the paper we can find strength and weaknesses of these strategies. From the foregoing discussion, one can conclude that major stakeholders of an organisation have increased their concern on how the activities of the organisation affect the social and environmental setting in which they operate. Organizational strategies in order to be successful must be coined and defined within the expectations of different stakeholders. As a result there has been an increase in the requirements from companies. Such an approach will go a long way to improve the competitive position and long-term performance of the company. No wonder, companies like Dell has incorporated this in their mission and vision statements.

Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Film Analysis - Essay Example aging a Living†, especially in its story about Barbara Brooks who is a 36 year-old single, black mother living in Freeport, New York, reflects the matrix of domination in relation to how Barbara experiences herself in relation to social class, race, and gender, as well as how these intersect to form a boundary between subordination and privilege. In short, Barbara’s story in â€Å"Waging a Living† seen from the matrix of domination perspective, represents the fact that understanding oppression requires initial understanding of privilege as a counter position. Society typically uses descriptive dichotomies like white/black or female/male, which are in direct opposition to one another and are rarely representative of equal relationships (Zinn & Dill, 1996). This phenomenon can be used to describe the reason why Barbara Brooks finds herself in her position of domination. In this case, she falls into two halves that society considers inferior, which are being black and being female. This intersection of gender and race has been identified as having a significant influence over the labor market. For instance, despite Barbara having the requisite skill, experience, and education to succeed, these factors are not enough to make a difference in the outcome of the labor market. She still has to balance her responsibilities as a full time worker and a single mother, of which the latter is a consequence of her gender. The intersection of gender and race also has a significant impact on wages, especially since she is forced to return to her school a nd work schedule as she is unable to support her family. By understanding intersectionality and the labor market, it is further easier to see how the intersection of gender and race, as well as economic inequalities, impact on social status and class (Zinn & Dill, 1996). In Barbara’s case, her gender and race also intersect with her social status to make her even more dominated. Barbara lives in Freeport, New York where the

Gender and Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender and Identity - Essay Example It has been observed that gender identity critics' focal point is reflecting the others who are the contributors; whereas, to understand gender identity, it is imperative to look at all the social and biological aspects. Moreover, gender identity may be influenced by a number of social structures, including the person's ethnic group, employment status, religion or irreligion, and family etc. Research on masculinity and femininity has a long, complex, and controversial history. This may be due in part to the questions addressed. Often researchers ask questions whether masculinity and femininity really exist, and if it does, how are they best defined and measured The argument carried forward in this paper is the question of what molds and determines a person's degree of masculinity and femininity, whether biological factors or social factors Because the roles of men and women have been the subject of passionate debate in recent years, it's no wonder that research on masculinity and femininity has become embroiled in the debate. If masculinity and femininity are real traits, perhaps even genetically determined to a significant extent, then gender would seem to be partly inflicted into our personalities. On the other hand, if masculinity and femininity are social constructions, learned patterns of behavior that are culturally and historically variable, then existing gender roles may be compliant and subject to liberating alternatives. Related Literature The formation of a gender identity is an intricate process that begins with conception, but later on it involves critical growth processes during development and even learning experiences after birth. There are points of differentiation all along the way, but language and tradition in most societies insist that every individual be categorized as either a man or a woman. When diversity is subjectively reduced to absolute beliefs, conflicts are sure to result. (Wikipedia, 2006) Once children develop a stable gender identity and stable gender categories for others (All people come in two varieties, either male or female), they begin to identify with and prefer others of their own gender (e.g., "I am a girl; I like other girls, and girls are good"). Although young children are aware of gender as a social category, they do not think about gender as adults do. For instance, toddlers do not always realize that gender is defined most fundamentally by genital differences. Instead, they may define gender by its surface features, such as clothing, hair length, and kinds of play. By age 6 or 7, most children realize that sex and gender are constant (i.e., you can't readily change them) and linked to male and female genital differences. According to Kohlberg's theory, children older than age 7 nonetheless continue to develop their gender concepts. For example, they learn gender stereotypes (e.g., "Women are nicer and gentler than men," "Men are more violent than women "), and they learn that some cultural symbols (e.g., butterflies and flowers) are more associated with girls, whereas others (e.g., worms and frogs) are more associated with boys. (Kohlberg, 1966) A question arises at this point, should research on gender differences promote inequality between the genders Not necessarily. Even if there are actual differences between men and women, this does not need to imply that one gender is better than the other. Psychologist Diane Halpern notes that although no one would deny that female

Write a research critique of 6 research papers on communication Essay

Write a research critique of 6 research papers on communication between parents and children on sex education - Essay Example ) examined whether the family type or parenting style, taking into consideration socio-economic status and whether the families were single- or multi-parent environments, maintained a direct correlation with child willingness to report sexual activity or influenced early sexual experimentation. Surveys were distributed to approximately 8,766 students with widely-different socio-economic backgrounds, with questions addressing parental style in relation to strictness or more liberal parents in order to indicate whether a correlation existed between these factors and early teenage sexual exploration. The results indicated that children from lone parent families or those adolescents who were born to teenage mothers were more likely to explore sexual gratification than those from multi-parented families. Levels of parental restrictive behaviours maintained no connection to early-age sexual exploration. The results tend to support the notion that the traditional nuclear family, consisting of a biological mother and father, creates a more stable environment in which todays youths are more willing to discuss sexuality and sexual experimentation due to an increased parental support network which single parent families usually cannot provide in abundance. This assessment is likely due to the financial and work-related strains of a single parent who is not as widely-available to children to provide ongoing encouragement toward safe and responsible sexual behaviours. Henslin (2003) supports this notion, as the author suggests that lone-parent families are often the catalyst for child willingness to explore early sexual behaviours due to diminished authoritarian presences (the second parent) in the household. Perhaps the results of this particular study can assist health care professionals to address the dangers of early-age sexual exploration to the youth by first addressing the socio-ec onomic and family structure of children during youth counselling sessions. Recognising

Question answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Question answer - Essay Example The details mentioned in the data require that the long run rate of return must be calculated using the formula of present value of dividend using Dividend Discount Model. . PV GROWING PERPETUITY (DIVIDEND DISCOUNT MODEL) Data: Present Value of Share PV O USD.150 Dividend for the First Year D1 USD. 7 Growth g 0.04 Rate of return r ? FORMULA REARRANGED In the above provided case since the value of price was already provided, the formula for such payments has been manipulated and rate of return has been evaluated. The formula for DDM for the current price of shares is rearranged for the calculation of rate of the return. Applying this arrangement, the long term rate of return for the company is as follows: r 0.086667 r 8.67% Hence, the expected long run rate of return is 8.67%.This refers that when company is paying 60 percent of the earning as dividend to shareholders and investors are pricing the share at USD.150, the required rate of return in the long terms is 6.67%. This percentag e assumes that price is based on incorporating all information about the company. The formula can be summarized as the ratio of the cash flows of dividends received in the future periods by the net difference of the discount rate and the growth rate. This formula is developed on the concept that current price of stocks are a series of payments which grows as dividend perpetually at a constant rate. . The formula assumes that the payments of dividends are received for an infinite period at constant growth rate. For the calculation of Present value it is very important that the discount rate used for the calculation is higher than the growth rate.. PART B Dividend discount model assumes that the price of stocks follows constant growth indefinitely across the life of the company (McLaney, 2009). However, on actual grounds the growth of the company varies from time to time. For instance, in the above case, The Company aims to expand and therefore, therefore, has changed the dividend pol icy across for five years (Ross, Westerfield, and Jordan, 2009). In such case, two stage dividend discount model is used to evaluate the price of the stock in current year. In such a system of two staged growth, the price of stocks are measured by calculating the present value of dividend streams by discounting it with required rate of return. For the second staged growth, the price of a stock is calculated for the year in which growth has changed and is then discounted to current year (Gitman, 2003). In the final stage, the present values of two staged dividend growth are combined. The following formula is used for such cases: Following this, procedure the price of stock in second case is USD. 74.99. Given below is the calculation for the case: PART B DIVIDEND CALCULATION STAGE ONE STAGE 2 YEAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dividend MENTIONED IN CASE ONE 7 Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   earning (calculated using Dividend Information of Case (1) and then growth applied $ 11.67 $ 12.13 $ 12.62 $ 13.1 2 $ 13.65 $ 14.19 $ 14.76 Reinvested $ 10.50 $ 10.92 $ 11.36 $ 11.81 $ 12.28 $ 4.26 Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   DIVIDEND WITH NEW % OF GROWTH Dividend $ 1.17 $ 1.21 $ 1.26 $ 1.31 $ 1.36 $ 9.94 $ 10.33 Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   The above table determines that to get base year information, it is assumed that the earning of company for year one remains same as it is provided in the case. Hence, price is as follows: PRICE Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   PV: dividend 1 / (1-R)^t PV: dividend 7 / (r-g)

Write a research critique of 6 research papers on communication Essay

Write a research critique of 6 research papers on communication between parents and children on sex education - Essay Example ) examined whether the family type or parenting style, taking into consideration socio-economic status and whether the families were single- or multi-parent environments, maintained a direct correlation with child willingness to report sexual activity or influenced early sexual experimentation. Surveys were distributed to approximately 8,766 students with widely-different socio-economic backgrounds, with questions addressing parental style in relation to strictness or more liberal parents in order to indicate whether a correlation existed between these factors and early teenage sexual exploration. The results indicated that children from lone parent families or those adolescents who were born to teenage mothers were more likely to explore sexual gratification than those from multi-parented families. Levels of parental restrictive behaviours maintained no connection to early-age sexual exploration. The results tend to support the notion that the traditional nuclear family, consisting of a biological mother and father, creates a more stable environment in which todays youths are more willing to discuss sexuality and sexual experimentation due to an increased parental support network which single parent families usually cannot provide in abundance. This assessment is likely due to the financial and work-related strains of a single parent who is not as widely-available to children to provide ongoing encouragement toward safe and responsible sexual behaviours. Henslin (2003) supports this notion, as the author suggests that lone-parent families are often the catalyst for child willingness to explore early sexual behaviours due to diminished authoritarian presences (the second parent) in the household. Perhaps the results of this particular study can assist health care professionals to address the dangers of early-age sexual exploration to the youth by first addressing the socio-ec onomic and family structure of children during youth counselling sessions. Recognising

Philosophy of Economic Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Philosophy of Economic Thought - Essay Example An examination of key contributions made by her research and related findings suggests that Dow has, additionally, played a pivotal role in the evolution of a new, more rigorous methodological approach to economics which dictates attention and respect for the emerging pluralistic notions which are omnipresent throughout the dual theories that comprise economic discourse and debate. Dow’s observations are, subsequently, as much descriptive as they are prescriptive toward the improvement and betterment of a study which maintains sociological relevance to the universal human condition. The following analysis shall highlight some of the key contributions made by Sheila Dow throughout the duration of the evolution of her thought on the topic of heterodox economics. Key Assumptions The evolution of Dow’s thoughts on economics begins with the formation and establishment of key assumptions concerning the human condition and its relation to the study of economics. As a heterodox economist, Dow is, first and foremost, very aware and interested in the orthodox theories which provide the foundation upon which newer, more innovative methodologies in the field of economics come to pass. However, Dow’s study of these theories has given rise to the formation of certain assumptions concerning the grander study of economics at large. First, it is shown that Dow understands all ontological theories to be ontological in nature, or, in layman’s terms, relating to the condition of one’s being or existence. This is, in part, because these theories all come from humans who maintain a certain awareness of their own existence and the relation that that condition plays to the outside world. Thus, Dow maintains that it is impossible for an economic theory to be objective because the very nature of a theory is value-based and therefore subjective (Dow, 2002). Dow states: â€Å"†¦ economics is dealing with human beings who function within a social sy stem† (p. 10). Therefore, it is difficult to presume that any single economic theory offers objectivity independent from the social system that gave birth to it. A second assumption which Dow comes to rely on in the formation of her further studies is that economics, as a study and, arguably (and at times) as a science, should be applied to real world scenarios. This assumption is built upon a general frustration with an economic ‘science’ whose diverging, pluralistic principles appear to adhere to an ‘anything goes’ methodology that starts with theory and ends with theory in a basic extrapolation of fantasy. She states: â€Å"We need to distinguish between a plurality of methodologies, or approaches, on the one hand and a methodology which advocates a plurality of methods on the other† (Dow, 2001a, p. 9). In this way Dow is advocating for a methodology which approaches the very real existence of pluralism within the field of economics with a m eticulous and ordered strategy of applying alleged theories to the real world. Dow’s second assumption is, admittedly and, perhaps, necessarily, mitigated by the first in that the overly-meticulous methodology which would hold a theory or concept to a mathematical benchmark might fail to entirely encompass the truth behind the

Architectural Designing Firm Business Plan Marketing Essay

Architectural Designing Firm Business Plan Marketing Essay Contemporary Island Designers Associates (C.I.D.) will be an Architectural Designing as well as Cost Estimating, Building Construction, Project Management and Consultations business specializing in residential and small commercial structures in the Jamaican domestic and commercial market, temporarily based out of my home in the Kingston 10 Area of Jamaica. The business will provide consultation and Draughting services using technologically superior processes, providing greater value for clients and enhanced  design and construction. The target clients are segmented into three categories; potential and existing home owners and developers initially. Contemporary Island Designers competitive edge will be the knowledge of digital-based design resources, creativity and results orientated. Superior customer service will also be  a point of firm differentiation. First year profits are expected to reach $xxxxx and increase to $xxxxx by the third year of operation. We will be profitable within three years of starting. The most significant challenges ahead include: (a). securing a suitable location (b) establishing the initial client base and (c)  positioning the business to be able to have a presence in a larger market. This business plan outlines the objective, focus, and implementation of this start-up firm. 1.1 Mission Contemporary Island Designers Associates will offer a new type of digital interactive media for both the client and the builder. This media will clearly show the client and the builder exactly what the design will look like in a three dimensional (Animated) perspective and the method(s) of construction. With this new form of media, the client does not have to know anything about Architectural designing graphics or terminology (floor plans, sections, elevations construction documents) to have a clear understanding of what the end result will look like. This is possible through the use of computer-rendered images and interactive video. This media will be taken one step further by using it in the construction documents as well. The builder(s) may be provided with an interactive video rendering of the entire building containing both visual photographic quality images and construction specs. Specific details will be worked out in three dimensions in such a way that anyone who knows how to use a computer will be able to access and understand this new means of Architectural presentation. 1.2 Keys to Success Provide a service that is technologically superior to the competitions. Utilizing the skills and knowledge gained in a competent and efficient manner through a diverse staff of Architectural Technologist/Draughtsman to provide a wide variety of product styles. A large array of connections and associations with reputable professionals and business executives. Objectives To establish and keep satisfied a vast client base. To provide quality workmanship to satisfy costumer(s) needs and to sustain the reputation of designing and construction in the Jamaican industry. Sales of at least $540,000 in  Year 3  and $725,000 by Year 4. Market expansion of 20% per year via the  Internet and other mediums. Creating new niche in market by  Year 4  of three dimensional construction documents and interactive digital presentation to clients. Company Summary Contemporary Island Designers Associates will provide a service of Architectural designs via digital media to the limits of technology. This approach will  offer optimal efficiency to the firm and superior value, design processes, and construction methods to the client. 2.1Businnes Ownership Contemporary Island Designers will be created as a Kingston operation based initially in the Molynes Road area. It will be  owned by its principal investor and operator, Mr. Miguel Wood. 2.2 Start-up Summary Contemporary Island Designers start-up costs total $xxxxx. The most significant purchases needed are a plotter, office printer, and desktop and laptop computer. Five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000) will be needed in cash to sustain the business for the first  year to cover rent and wages until a profit is made. 2.3 Company Locations and Facilities The  interim office of Contemporary Island Designers Associates will be located at my home at Tamarind Avenue, Kingston until dedicated office space is secured. Services Contemporary Island Designers Associates will provide many levels of service such as Architectural Designing and Planning, Cost Estimating, Building Construction, Project Management and Consultations to cater to large and small  corporations and entities, along with making it affordable for middle and upper socioeconomic classes. 3.1 Service Description In order for Contemporary Island Designers Associates to provide this new innovative service of digital media, the company will use high speed computers running programs such as AutoCAD, AutoCAD Architecture Rivet Architecture and 3D Max. To keep up with changes in technology, Contemporary Island Designers will investigate all up and coming software related to digital 3-D design to stay at the forefront of the market.   Again, this is a key strategic component to differentiate the firm and to optimize productivity and efficiency. Market Analysis Summary Contemporary Island Designers Associates will provide its service to home owners who are looking to start new construction, remodel, as well as  developers and contractors and other private parties in the domestic markets. Although we are going to cater to a relatively broad scope of customers, the business will decide what the target market is based on sales and trends experienced in the initial months of operation. 4.1 Market Segmentation Potential clients for Contemporary Island Designers Associates market are broken down into four categories: home owners, developers and contractors. Home owners and potential home owners are the largest group based on shear population and this will be emphasized in  all of the business marketing and promotional efforts. Targeting the remaining  two groups will be dependent upon establishing meaningful relationships, and responding and qualifying for request for proposals. 4.2 Service Business Analysis The Architecture/Designing business across the country is primarily made up of small- to mid-sized firms specializing in a particular architectural/design type. But there are also a few large firms that have almost dominated the design of large commercial and industrial facilities.   Initially, Contemporary Island Designers main competitors will be the small to midsized firms.   Strategy and Implementation Summary In the first year of business, Contemporary Island Designers will focus on the Kingston and St. Andrew and the Portmore area of St. Catharine. As the business grows, sales will expand throughout these areas and across the country, eventually spreading regionally. 5.1 Sales Strategy Sales in this  business is a direct result of exceptional client service. It is based on the firms  image and the referrals that result. The more clients this company pleases, the more referrals are given. We will work to provide a positive experience in all cases so our clients will refer and return to us for future work as well. 5.1.1 Sales Forecast Sales are broken down into three categories: Consultations, Design and Supervision of the construction. These three categories put together, may make up one architecture/design project. The totals for each project are based on a 10% cut from the total construction costs of each job. The following table and chart provides an overview  of our  forecast sales.   Actual sales could vary depending on the project size and budget. 5.2 Competitive Edge This business will have a competitive edge over both the larger and smaller firms because it will be composed of the  new generation of Architectural Technologists which are fluent in the digital world. Many firms today employ personnel of which find the computer 3D modeling a mystery, and most of those that do use the computer only have the ability to design in 2-D. Management Summary This business will start with one Architectural Technologists/Designer. In August of 2011, a clerical position will be added. By 2012, Other Architectural Technologists will be hired to compensate the increased work load. 6.1 Personnel Plan The following table summarizes our personnel expenditures for the first three years of operation. Financial Plan Contemporary Island Designers will increase growth and technology with cash flow as it increases through the years. Further money will be set aside to pay for further consulting as needed. 7.1 Important Assumptions The annual assumptions made in the following table are based on a stable economy. We will adjust these assumptions as changes occur in the now tumultuous economy the Bay Area is experiencing. 7.2 Key Financial Indicators The following benchmark chart indicates our key financial indicators for the first three years. 7.3 Break-even Analysis The following chart and table summarize our break-even analysis. Break-even Analysis Monthly Revenue Break-even $80,348 Average Percent Variable Cost 1% Assumptions: Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost $80,246 7.4 Projected Profit and Loss Net profit is virtually nonexistent for the first two years of operation, with respectable increases after that time. Our projected profit and loss is shown on the following table, with sales starting at $102,000 for the first year and climbing to $500,000 the third year. Pro Forma Profit and Loss 7.5 Projected Cash Flow Cash flow is vital to the well being of this company because of the duration of payment. The following chart and table below show cash flow projections. 7.6 Projected Balance Sheet The following table shows our projected Balance Sheet and net worth over the next three years. 7.7 Business Ratios Business ratios for the years of this plan are shown below. Industry profile ratios based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code 7383, Independent Artists (including Architects), are shown for comparison.

Romeos Tragic Flaw :: essays research papers

"The essence of being human is that one does not seek perfection," states the British author, George Orwell. Every individual grows to understand that perfection is unachievable, therefore, human beings embody dramatic flaws. Many people tend to be unkempt or have poor manners, while others have behavioral difficulties such as quick temperament, dishonesty, or intentional rudeness. These perplexities can bring about hardships throughout an individual's life. William Shakespeare demonstrates some of these hardships in his puissant drama about The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, that portrays a protagonist, Romeo, who acquires the unfortunate flaw of rashness which later develops into the major downfall of his death. Romeo is an extremely impulsive individual. Throughout the drama, Romeo makes decisions without considering the consequences. His mistakes bring about several complications that eventually lead to his untimely death. From the beginning of the novel, Romeo continuously falls in love with different people. The first Act of the play portrays an ardent love for the gorgeous Rosaline who refuses to love him. Romeo's maudlin behavior is a concern to his friends, who decide to take him to the Capulet's masquerade party. Here, Juliet's beauty strikes Romeo and his previous love for Rosaline instantaneously diminishes. After the party, Romeo encounters Juliet and makes the impulsive decision of promising to marry her. Romeo recounts the story of his newfound love and the desire to marry her, to his adviser, Friar Lawrence, and seeks his advice. The Friar explains that, "Young men's love then lies/ not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes" (89). The Friar tries to convince Romeo that his love is not true, for he hastily changes his mind about the love of his life. But Romeo does not change his mind and is wed with Juliet. Romeo is also quite brash in his decision to slay Tybalt. If Romeo considered the consequences of murdering his enemy, he could have prevented his banishment from Verona. Romeo fails to consider that there is no need to slay Tybalt because Tybalt is already headed for assassination due to the fact that he started a fray and murdered Mecrutio. Unfortunately, his impulsiveness overpowers him and Romeo fights Tybalt. If only Romeo had thought rationally, he would not be separated from his dear, sweet Juliet. His banishment causes Romeo to cry out with extreme anguish to the Friar, "Hence 'banished' is 'banished from the world,' / And worlds exile is death.

A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen Essay -- torvald, nora, christine

In Henrik Ibsen’s dramatic play A Doll’s House there are many characters that have grown to be adults that they either do not wish to be or that they are expected to be. The character breakdown as the play goes from act to act is apparent. From a woman struggling to be the perfect wife and mother to a husband trying to be perfect and surround himself with people that are likewise we see that it is much harder to put on a mask to be something you are not. Nora Helmer is a simple woman. She is the mother to young children as well as an adoring wife to her husband Torvald. Nora is described by her husband as a spendthrift, a little featherhead, and a skylark. (Delbanco & Cheuse) These terms are used in a fashion to say that she is flighty, a dainty woman who shops and flits about with no care in the world. Even her friend Christine Linde tells her that she is immature and childish to the realities of the world. This is actually not a fair statement of Nora. She has already put forth a strong attitude when Torvald was ill. She found a way to get the monies needed to ensure that he got well. She may not have gone about it the legal way but she went to whatever lengths needed to ensure that the man she loved could get well. This was a step outside of the expectations of her. She has always been there to do whatever a man expected of her. Her father expected her to be there to take care of him and the household. Her husband took her in h is home and expected the same of her. She was never able to form her own person as someone else was always there telling her who to be and how to be it. Nora wants to be taken seriously and to learn how to be strong for herself. She realizes that she has been able to get this loan and has been paying i... ...ectations they are not happy but just being. By the end of the play there is some hope for all of them. Works Cited Brunnemer, K. (2009). Sexuality in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House. Retrieved 11 23, 2013, from Bloom's Literary Reference Online: http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&WID=97972&SID=5&iPin=BLTHS004&SingleRecord=True. Delbanco, N., & Cheuse, A. (n.d.). Literature Craft and Voice. In H. Ibsen, A Doll's House (pp. 1346-48). Haller, E. (n.d.). Bloom's Literature. Retrieved 11 23, 2013, from Facts on File: http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&WID=97972&SID=5&iPin=ETL0595&SingleRecord=True. Metzger, S. (n.d.). An overview of A Doll's House. Retrieved 11 23, 2013, from Gale Literature Resource Center: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CH1420002305&v=2.1&u=txshracd2560&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w&asid=2a621898dc6a06a303d9c6015c7e4bd0

Greetings Essay

Greeting is an act of communication in which human beings (as well as other animals) intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other. While greeting customs are highlyculture- and situation-specific and may change within a culture depending on social status and relationship, they exist in all known human cultures. Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other than gestures. A greeting can also be expressed in written communications, such as letters and emails. Greetings are often, but not always, used just prior to a conversation. Some epochs and cultures have had very elaborate greeting rituals, e. g. , greeting of a king. Secret societies have clandestine greeting rituals that allow members to recognize common membership. A greeting can consist of an exchange of formal expression, a simple kiss, a hand shake or a hug. The form of greeting is determined by social etiquette, as well as by the relationship of the people. Beyond the formal greeting, which may involve a verbal acknowledgment and sometimes a hand shake, facial expression, gestures, body language and eye contact can all signal what type of greeting is expected. Gestures are the most obvious signal, for instance greeting someone with open arms is generally a sign that a hug is expected. [1] However, crossing arms can be interpreted as a sign of hostility. Facial expression, body language and eye contact reflect emotions and interest level. A frown, slouching and lowered eye contact suggests disinterest, while smiling and an exuberant attitude is a sign of welcome. Throughout all cultures people greet one another as a sign of recognition, affection, friendship and reverence. While hand shakes, hugs, bows, nods and nose rubbing are all acceptable greetings, the most common greeting is a kiss, or kisses, on the cheek. Cheek kissing is most common in Europe and Latin America and has become a standard greeting in Southern Europe. [2] While cheek kissing is a common greeting in many cultures, each country has a unique way of kissing. In Russia, Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, the Netherlands and Egypt it is customary to â€Å"kiss three times, n alternate cheeks. †[3] Italians, Hungarians and Romanians usually kiss twice in a greeting and in Mexico and Belgium only one kiss is necessary. In the Galapagos women kiss on the right cheek only[4] and in Oman it is not unusual for men to kiss one another on the nose after a handshake. [5] French culture accepts a number of ways to greet depending on the region. Two kisses are most common throughout all of France but in Provence three kisses are given and in Nantes four are exchanged. [6] However, in Finistere at the western tip of Brittany and Deux-Sevres in the Poitou-Charentes region, one kiss is preferred.

Hitler Speech

My fellow Germans, recently I have been granted the privilege of Chancellor of Germany this January (1933). I am here to pick this Reich off its feet. With constant inflation and poor managing of the people, I will rescue this country. Thankfully, President Hindering realized what traits the best dictatorship obtained. I am the best for all the things I will achieve and how I will reshape and build this country. A leader is someone who directs people and leads them towards their goals. I promise to restore our pride.We need to be peaceful, yet brave, determined, and yet obedient. To my German boys, Joining the Nazi Party will help regain spirit for men. Also, for everyone, we can purify ourselves from those ho take advantage of food, shelter, water, people and everyone. As a whole we will be able to reclaim what we call nationalism. The feeling of richness and greatness cannot be felt if one does not know what it feels like to be hungry, starve, thirsty, homeless, poor, and no wanted . To reform Germany we have to make people realize what they take for granted dally.With the help of my allies, Mussolini and Stalin I can grant the ultimate force and retentions I promised. I can build the military up, proving another let down could not be possible. I trust my allies while adopting my fascist beliefs from Mussolini, being we share the same characteristics, In addition, as our nation attacks and invades other countries, formed by the Nazi, this will help grasp control over areas such as France and Belgium. Our land will continue to spread and expand. The need for this can bring in more people, building up our military and spreading nationalism.If anyone opposed my views as a Chancellor, believing In obedience, here will be consequences. These punishments Include of gas chambers, chemical Injections, concentration camps, and harsh treatments. I Insist you all to obey my beliefs and guidelines concluding you want to make this nation on top again. Taking this role I wi ll be sure to change the negative aspects of Germany. I will ensure you Germans that our military will be stronger, we will have more pride, money, and I will be docile whether your rich or poor. Becoming Chancellor of Germany was only the starting of this developing nation.Finally, I Doll Hitler will conquer all through each ND every belief and no one will stand before me to block that path, only help. I leave you with this; ‘Wall Widen Singe! † (We Will Conquer) Hitler Speech By Giordano 4 To reform Germany we have to make people realize what they take for granted daily. Nationalism. If anyone opposed my views as a Chancellor, believing in obedience, there will be consequences. These punishments include of gas chambers, chemical injections, concentration camps, and harsh treatments. I insist you all to obey my you with this; â€Å"Wire Widen Singe! † (We Will Conquer)

Icts

The purpose of this assignment Students who successfully complete this assignment will be able to present critical arguments around ICTs for development projects and demonstrate their capabilities related to engaging with textual and numerical data to present information in a presentation format. Locate any project where ICTs were applied in contexts such as those described in this chapter, in your local community, own city, province or country, or elsewhere in the world and/or that you have been involved with. Ensure that you identify the following aspects in your case study: 1.Title of the project 2. Website address(es) that provide information about the project 3. Introduction & Background, including details on the project o Rationale (what was the reason for the project/why was it needed? ) o Start date, duration (this far) and status (ongoing, completed, etc. ) 4. A description of the project, including details on o The ICT4D solutions that was used in the project o The strength s and weaknesses of the project 5. You could also add things like o Major partners o Major stakeholders Who initiated the process? o Who were the target beneficiaries? o Who were the service providers? o How did the initiative work? o Was there a local champion (some-one from the local community who represented the interests of that community)? Create a PowerPoint presentation of no more than 8 slides that provide the information as detailed above. Submit your presentation via the Dropbox facility. |Assessment rubric for Assignment 9 | |0 |Nothing submitted 0% | |1 |One or more, but NOT all, of the required aspects have been addressed |10% | |2 | |20% | |3 | |30% | |4 | |40% | |5 |All required aspects have been addressed |50% | |6 |Additional aspects added and/or |65% | |7 |A project from the student's local community, own city, province or country and/or that the student was involved | | |8 |with is presented | |

Chemical compound Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chemical compound - Essay Example he mineral spirit for various issues and this may amount to poisoning .The severity of exposure to this compound is evident in its symptomatic respiratory challenge, headache, and irritation of the skin. The hydrocarbon part of the mineral spirit has carbon which has more affinity to oxygen when inhaled and deprive hemoglobin its ability to combine with oxygen hence leading strained breathing. The relevance of this article is evident in this era of increased use of paints and drug addiction which include inhalation of such mineral spirits. Although many people have deliberately or ignorantly used these compounds, the dander is reflected in increased respiratory problems. It is worth to note that as part of the health guide and prevailing risk of exposure to some chemical compounds, the article is significant. The article gives an insight into the causes, effects, symptoms and immediate remedial measures towards a victim of exposure to these chemical compounds. The affordability and wide scope of applying mineral spirit has seen it cause phenomenal cases of poisoning that in extreme cases end in fatalities. It is therefore important to understand the chemical component of any compound to establish the extent of

Audit report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Audit report - Essay Example The two major perceptions are in line with the Audit Report’s adding significant credibility to the companies’ financial statements. A credible financial statement is a good basis for making a more informed management decisions as well as stakeholders’ decisions (Asare, 2009). Consequently, the IAASB is currently processing the enhanced auditor’s report. The IAASB’s research focuses on adhering to the different stakeholders’ demand for a more informed audit report. The new audit report will serve as a global solution to global popular demand for a change in the current audit reports’ standardized formats. The stakeholders’ audit report request is grounded on the growing complexities of the financial reports. The stakeholders include the investors, residents, managers, community, and employees. The standard audit report formats include the qualified opinion format, unqualified opinion format, and the adverse opinion format. The same board correctly affirms that international leaders must do their share to ensuring the audit report contains additional information needed by the decision makers. A more informed audit report contains additional relevant and valid information pertaining to the fairness or trueness of the finan cial report data (IFAC.org, 2013). The new audit report will include some notable changes. One of the major changes is to necessarily allow the external auditors to include comments to their audit reports (Gold et al., 2009). One of the reasons for the changes are necessary is that the comments will deliver additional relevant and valid information to the stakeholders, in terms of auditor’s specific audit responsibilities and tasks. The external auditor’s favorable comments will surely encourage the investors, community leaders, creditors, customers, and other affected stakeholders to invest or enter into any relevant business transaction with the company. In this regard, the IFAC accounting board is

Culture and Spirituality - Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Culture and Spirituality - Discussion - Essay Example e right to be respected for his or her cultural heritage and that nurses require information about patient’s culture to be able to give sensitive care. The Yoruba spiritual system has one particular trait in that it stresses on extremely ancient African tradition of connecting with natural forces and its ancestral realm in order to better ones life .Its rooted deep in divination that has similarities to philosophical beliefs like those found in Chinese in the I Ching. The Yoruba culture believes in the existence of divinities and spiritual beings. They call the beings Orishas who are ancestors whose great actions earned them divinity .They are contacted when a ‘bembe’ priest is possessed spiritually. The possession by the Orishas is part of the religious ritual and acts as a means of communicating with their God. The spirits are seen as intermediaries between humankind and the supernatural. The Yoruba culture is importance since they believe that Orishas helps an individual in determining their personal destiny and their success since the spirits run through all inanimate, living and all things. Therefore, patients may require that priest be brought to summon the gods for healing. Nurses should therefore be aware of the patient’s culture and fully respect it. (Eggenberger, 2006, pp 34) Deep spiritual seeking are universal traits and most of them come from divination. The Chinese culture mostly looks upwards towards heavenly bodies like the planets and stars not only to understand seasons but for signs to acquire divine will. The Yoruba culture and divination uses bones for rituals. The Chinese Taoists uses patterns on tortoise shells that eventually evolve into hexagons of the I Ching. This is one of the differences between the two traits. Divination systems are passed down by ancestors’ through sacred heritage. They provide fresh guidance especially during changes in our lives and they are a form of good fortune. It helps individuals to satisfy their

Instructional Strategies Concept Research Paper

Instructional Strategies Concept - Research Paper Example He agreed to work with Dr. Cynthia for designing an instructional material with a list of suggestions and delivery method of the same. However, according to the study, Clifford, the experienced instruction designer found Dr. Cynthia to be his toughest client in his career. He faced a number of difficulties in designing the material and till date he has not been able to complete any normal ID task of his (Ertmer and Cennamo, n.d.). Challenges faced by the instructional designers Clifford lacked the essential data of learner’s characteristics, which is the most important information an instruction designer needs to develop the pattern of instruction (Ertmer and Cennamo, n.d.). Most designers put stress on learners and learning outcomes prior to the designing of instruction. The learning process complexities and several critical human dimensions are required to be understood by designers which come into play. Learners carry a wealth of experiences and traits with them to a training setting or education that play a significant part in measuring the success of the instruction. It also includes normal profile factors that tell about the learners’ background, capability and several attitudinal factors. Many of these factors have notable impacts on the learners’ motivation to learn. A basket of prerequisite skills and knowledge are also brought by the learners to the instructional setting. These entry skills are highly related to the content of a particular instructional experience (Richey, James, Klein, and Tracey, 2010. p.170). The second problem faced by Clifford was regarding contextual analysis. In spite of having four meetings with Oakes, Clifford could not gather the necessary important information that could help him during contextual analysis (Ertmer and Cennamo, n.d.). Contextual analysis plays a key role in designing and developing instructions for learning. Instructional context provides rich data about real world scenario and examples. There are few reasons that necessitate analysis of context. First, every aspect of the leaning experiences is influenced by context. Second, Context as a collection of factors can facilitate or inhibit instruction and learning. Third, multiple contexts can be required a by single classroom. For example, sixth grade students might need to do survey in neighboring historical buildings, do research in computer lab and in historic society and arrange a meeting in a hallway in a pro blem based learning approach. An instructional designer should analyze three types of contexts. They are orienting context where learner is focused primarily, instructional context that suggests about the scheduling and physical environment of the training and another is transfer context, which enables the opportunities for transferring the skills and knowledge to new situations (Morrison, Ross, Kalman, and Kemp, 2011, pp.65-66). Although Clifford did have his notes and resources from the four meetings with Oaks, but it just did seem remotely related to his assignment (Ertmer and Cennamo, n.d.). As a result, he could not create an objective domain. Objective domains are classifications or categories of objectives that helps instructional designers for determining several important elements of design. There are four domains of objective such as, cognitive, affective, psychomotor and interpersonal. These help designers to determine how to structure evaluations, objectives and delivery system. For an example, an instructional designer was working on training system for technicians for repairing a certain type of computer. It might require usage all the four domains. Such as,

Presidential candidates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Presidential candidates - Essay Example As a way of reversing this trend, each of the two presidential candidates have come up with different policies of propelling the country forward through the restoration of the economy and subsequent creation of jobs. President Barrack Obama and his Republican adversary Mitt Romney hold different positions on the economy of the United States. Obama looks forward to rescind the Bush cut tax for households that receive more than $250,000 and lowering the manufacturing industry taxes. His short-term economic goal includes initiating stimulus expenditure and cutting taxes for economic growth. In the long term, he hopes to cut expenditure and consequently increase taxes on the wealthy. This will help to trim down the deficits (AARP Bulletin, 2012). On his part, Mitt Romney looks forward to retaining the tax cuts associated with former president George W. Bush. He also intends to lower by 25 per cent the rate of taxes in all sectors. Additionally, Romney will also reduce expenditure on discretion that are not related to security by 5 per cent in a bid to trim down deficits. The Republican candidate hopes to cut and initiating regulations that will encourage business growth ( AARP Bulletin, 2012). President Obama supports the 2010 health care bill that he signed into law. He consequently advocates for the safeguard of patients from rascal insurance companies. He will allow the coverage for the currently prevailing conditions and ensure that insurers do not falter or dope patients whenever they fall sick. Individuals are required to purchase health care insurance or accrue a fine. However, employers on behalf of employees should do the purchase of the health care insurance. On his part, Romney holds a different view. According to him, citizens should buy their own health care insurance instead of doing it using their employers. Besides, the health care insurance policy should not be uniform across the states. Individual states should

Tutorial School Essay Example for Free

Tutorial School Essay To most students, exams are detestable because they suffer greatly whenever an exam comes. Undeniably, examinations play such an important role in education of Hong Kong that they make students usually bury themselves among their books and notes during examinations. One way that students used to deal with exam is attending tutorial school. In recent years, tutorial schools have become popular among secondary school students. More and more students have been attending tutorial classes; even some of them have already gotten satisfactory results in their schools. One can easily find his/her friends and classmates joining tutorial class. We can also easily detect the great numbers of advertisements of the large-scale tutorial schools in the streets, televisions and magazines. In fact, is there a great trend in attending tutorial classes for secondary school students? Are these tutorial classes really beneficial to the students who have joined them? It will be interesting to study all these issues about the recent trend of attending tutorial classes. The objectives of this project are as follows: 1) to find out the reasons that make students go to tutorial schools 2) to see the effectiveness of attending tutorial classes 3) to distinguish whether this phenomenon is related to the mode of nowadays education system 2 Chapter 2 Methodology 2. 1 Choice of method Quantitative method was adopted for this project. A questionnaire was designed and issued to secondary students (From 1 to 7) through the internet and 66 samples were collected since it was convenient to set up questionnaires on net. 2. 2 Classification of the studying target In Hong Kong, the most popular kinds of tutorial course can be classified as private tutorial school, individual tutorial teachers and tutorial class held by school. For the last type, it is usually free of charge and for the purpose of helping those students with poor academic result or putting more focus on students who get good academic result. For this project, I intend to focus more on the first two kinds of tutorial courses since the third kind is usually arranged by the school and the purpose of which is not for making money. Also, whether joining its tutorial class is not decided by students. 2. 3 Target group For this project, all secondary school students will be my target groups because the condition of receiving tutoring among them is more common than that among primary school students, according to a research1, conducted in 2005 by Professor Bray from Hong Kong University, had shown that nearly 50% of primary and lower secondary students receive tutoring while at upper secondary the proportion students receiving tutoring is about 70%. The results of Form 4 to Form 7 students can especially be used in the part to investigate whether this phenomenon is related to the mode of nowadays education system. 1 Private Supplementary Tutoring: Comparative Perspectives on Patterns and Implications,2005 3 2. 4 Questions asked The questions asked were mainly related to the following areas: 1) The general information about the respondents, for example, which Form the respondents belong to, whether they have received tutoring, etc. 2) The reasons of attending tutorial classes, for example, the pressure from parents, following friends decision, and the self-orientated necessity, etc. 3) Some information about attending tutorial schools, for example, which types of tutorial class the respondents joined, how much they pay for receive tutoring per month, etc. 4) The factors concerned when choosing the tutorial school, for example, the popularity, following friends choice, the academic background of tutorial teachers, etc. 5) To what extend going to tutorial classes is effective, for example, it really helps them to get the knowledge, or it helps them to get good result only, etc. 6) The factors that stop students from attending tutorial classes. 7) The possible problems created by this phenomenon, for example, becoming not attentive in classes, time consuming, unfairness between poor and rich students, etc. 2. 5 Problems faced and solutions A few limitations about Internet questionnaires were predicted and observed; fortunately, most of them can be solved. Firstly, although writing the questionnaires in English would be more convenient for me to record down the findings, some respondents might find it difficult to understand the direct meanings of the questions and thus provided the false answers. Secondly, respondents, without seeing them directly, could do the questionnaires repeatedly and thus manipulated the results. Thirdly, respondents might lose temper if the questionnaires were time-consuming and troublesome to finish. As a result, they did the questionnaires playfully, without filling in the correct answers. Lastly, only a few options provided might not be enough to cover all the possibilities of the answers. In response to the above limitations, some improvements have been made as the followings. Firstly, the questionnaire was written in Chinese, which is the most familiar language to the respondents so that they could understand clearly of what the questions were asking. The results also show that all respondents could follow my instructions as none of them answer the questions that they didnt need, for example, respondents who receive tutoring dont need to answer Q15. 4 Secondly, I choose to produce the questionnaire in a website (www. my3q. com) where detection of the source of the received questionnaire form was possible so that if people did the questionnaire repeatedly, I would know. Thirdly, the questionnaire after amendment was only including 15 questions, while all questions are to the point. So that the respondents could fill in the questionnaires within a minute and at the same time I could get enough data I need. Lastly, I have included more options in the questionnaire, and if respondents still have other comments that are not included, they could choose the option â€Å"other†. I believe the proportion of choosing other will be small that not enough to influence the results. 5 Chapter 3 Literature review. There was mainly one previous research, which I could find and had been used to compare with the results of my findings. The research, â€Å"Private Supplementary Tutoring: Comparative Perspectives on Patterns and Implications†, was conducted by Professor Bray in Hong Kong University last year to investigate the Governments current policies on tutoring, the impact of tutoring on mainstream schooling and the society, such as the household expenditure, social equalities and mental development of children, etc. He investigated about 700 primary and secondary school students and found that nearly 50% of primary and lower secondary students receive tutoring; and at upper secondary the proportion is about 70%. Using this ratio, there are 500,000 primary and secondary students receiving tutoring. Professor Bray also found that the condition of joining tutorial class in Hong Kong is more serious than those of our neighboring countries, such as Japan and Korea. The reasons behind discovered were due to schools in Hong Kong usually focus on students academic results, and Hong Kong labor market as well as getting a place in University are very competitive, causing students to join tutorial class. However, Professor Bray pointed out the tutorial classes will cause adversely impacts on mainstream schooling, for example students receiving tutoring became less attentive in class, and influence students’ mental development. He also pointed out that the Government was not doing enough to prevent the existence of unqualified tutors. However, the survey had mainly focused on the reasons and impacts of attending tutorial classes, but less on the effectiveness of receiving tutoring and discussion of whether receiving tutoring is related to the mode of nowadays education system. Therefore, in this project, besides looking at the former 2 areas and comparing them with Professor Brays results, I had also investigated about latter 2 areas to provide some new information about the existing situation. 6 Chapter 4 Findings and Analysis 4. 1 General information of the questionnaire I posted the questionnaires in the Internet on 7/8/2006 and collected them on 24/8/2006. The respondents added up to a total of 66. 4. 2 Details of the results Analysis on the 3 kinds of tutoring Popularity of the 3 kinds of tutoring among different forms: From the above data, 10 of the respondents who received tutoring have received 1 to 1 tutoring, 17 of them have attended small-scale tutorial school and 21 of them have attended large-scale tutorial school. It shows that large-scale tutorial school has the biggest proportion of pupils to choose attending among the 3 choices. Moreover, the chart shows the relationship between the kinds of tutoring and the forms of respondents: The lower forms tend to attend 1 to 1 tutoring, while the higher forms trend to attend small-scale tutorial school and large-scale tutorial school. 7 Reasons for choosing different kinds of tutoring: According to Chart 4. 2, the main reason that respondents of all three kinds of tutoring will consider when choosing a tutor/tutorial class is â€Å"The recommendation of their friends or classmates†, where 34 respondents had chosen this item. As a contrast to Chart 4. 8 which shows that not much respondents will be influenced by friends or classmates to receive tutoring, Chart 4. 2 shows that 69% (34/48) of respondents will consider the recommendation of their friends or classmates when choosing a tutor/ tutorial school. It shows that the influence of peers will be more likely to appear only after respondents had made a decision to receive tutoring. On the other hand, besides the item â€Å"Others†, which none of the respondents had chosen the items that chosen by the least respondents of different kinds of tutoring are also different. For respondents receiving 1 to 1 tutoring and small scale tutoring, most likely they wont consider the item â€Å"results in public exam of students who received tutoring there† and â€Å"the advertisement of that tutor/tutorial school†. It is probably because of the insufficient of information and students usually are hard to know the results in public exam of students who received tutoring in l to l tutoring and small scale tutorial schools, and because there are not much advertisements that made by them. Therefore, respondents that consider these two factors important will not choose these two forms of tutoring. For respondents receiving large scale tutoring, most likely they wont consider the items â€Å"the convenience of location† and â€Å"The qualification of tutors†. It may due to the reasons that large scale tutorial schools cannot be found everywhere and respondents usually have to bear a transportation cost when going to them. Furthermore, the large scale tutorial schools will not advertise themselves about qualification of their tutors. Therefore, respondents consider these factors important will not choose this form of tutoring. 8 Effectiveness of the 3 kinds of tutoring: Major benefits Receiving tutoring in large scale school, most respondents can know the skills to answer questions, while receiving 1 to 1 tutoring and small scale tutorial school, most respondents get the knowledge. Generally speaking, 63% (31/48) of respondents can know well in answering questions after receiving tutoring, and at the same time 57% (28/48) of respondents can get the knowledge from receiving tutoring of all 3 kinds of tutoring. It shows that many tutors can teach their students the knowledge as well as the skills in answering questions. Only 4 respondents feel that they can get nothing helps from receiving tutoring and 2 respondents dont know what receiving tutoring helps them. It also shows that a few respondents will still receive tutoring even though they think it is helpless or they dont recognize what it helps. It should be due to the reason that among them, 5 of their tutorial fees are less than $200 per month and all of them are receiving tutoring for less than 5 hours per week. Receiving tutoring is not a financial burden to their family and doesnt influence their daily activities, so they continue. 9 Other benefits The above chart shows the advantages of receiving tutoring to students performance in lesson. As shown in Chart 4. 4, most respondents believe that the main changes of their attitude are â€Å"understand the lessons than before† and â€Å"remain unchanged†, which made up of 41. 6% (20/48) and 35. 4% (17/48) of the tutoring-portion. On the other hand, only 1 respondent say that he/she â€Å"becomes more concentrate than before† and 3 respondents say they â€Å"become less concentrate than before†. This result indicating that a higher portion of students are able to understand their lessons than before also echoes with Chart 4. 9 which states that 57% (28/48) of respondents can also get the knowledge from receiving tutoring. But this is also one of the possible reasons affecting a few students concentration in classes. 10. Shortages Respondents of all 3 kinds of tutoring most likely are unsatisfied with the expensive tutorial fee. The respondents receiving large scale tutoring are most likely to have the chance of raising questions, and this phenomenon is not commonly found among the other 2 kinds of tutoring. Small scale tutoring is the one that have the most of its students (29%) feeling no defects, while none of respondents receiving 1 to 1 tutoring think that there are no defects. On the other hand, 1 respondent thinks that the things taught are too simple. However, he/she also thinks that he/she still dont quite understand the contents of the books. The tutor may be teaching those things that the respondent already understood instead of going though those parts the respondent found difficult. Another possible reason is that the tutor is not able to answer the questions of the respondent. This reason is more possible because the respondent is receiving 1 to 1 tutoring, which is supposed to be easier to ask questions. Effectiveness in terms of the actual academic result. In general, respondents academic result is slightly improved after receiving tuition, especially for those who attend large scale tutoring. 11 Analysis on nowadays education systems The above chart shows that the number of respondents attending tutorial class is 2. 7 times of those not attending tutorial class. For Form 1-3, 12 of them are attending tutorial course while 9 of them are not. The percentage for Forml-3 respondents to attending tutorial classes over the total Form l-3 respondents is about 57%. For Form 4-5, 19 of them are attending tutorial course while 6 of them are not. The percentage for Form 4-5 respondents to attending tutorial classes over the total Form 4-5 respondents is about 76%. For Form 6-7, 17 of them are attending tutorial course while 3 of them are not. The percentage for Form 6-7 respondents to attending tutorial classes over the total Form 6-7 respondents is about 85%. From the above data, the comparison of percentages of difference groups shows that the group Form 6-7 is having the biggest proportion of students attending tutorial school and group Form 4-5 also have more percentage of students receiving tutoring than Form l-3. The higher the forms, the more the students receive tutoring. The result is the same as the one of Professor Brays research. The chart reflects some problems of the nowadays education system. 12 1) Pressure of attending public exams Students themselves view their academic result important and especially for Form 4-7, who have to attend the public exams. Therefore, 32 and 13 of them have attended tutorial schools for the reason â€Å"To improve their academic result† and â€Å"To maintain their academic result†. Not only respondents, their parents will also request them to attend tutorial class, but the influence of the parents to respondents of Form 6-7 will decrease. It shows the failure of the Government to promote â€Å"studying is not for mark†, as the traditional thinking that â€Å"academic result is very important† is still built in peoples heart firmly. 2) Lacking of trust to school teachers 33% (16/48) of students think that the tutors teaching method better than the school teachers. One possible reason for that might be because the tutors are more likely to be humor and can use more interesting way to present the knowledge to students. Another chart, Chart 4. 13, also shows that only 2% (l/48) of respondents that dont receive tutoring because he/she thinks that the school teachers are good enough. Although this result doesnt show whether respondents think that the school teachers are not good enough to teach them knowledge or not good enough to teach them examination skills, it still can indicate that respondents lack trust towards their school teachers. 3) Spoon-fed Education More than half of the respondents (26/48) receiving tutoring in order to look for skills to answer questions, especially for Form 4-5 and Form 6-7, which have 58% (11/19) and 64% +(11/17) of them attend tutorial school for this reason. It shows that the format of examination is not changing and people can get the trick to perform better in it. By face-to-face contact, students can ask questions more easily and the tutors can have more interaction between themselves and their students. On the other hand, receiving tutoring by video can also be viewed as a kind of â€Å"spoon-fed education†. Chart 4. 9 shows that 73% (35/48) of respondents think that receiving tutoring by face-to-face contact is better. Back to Chart 4. 5, 31% (15/48) of respondents think that there is too little time for students to raise questions when receiving tutoring. Both Chart 4. 9 and Chart 4. 5 suggest that general respondents desire two-ways teaching than single-way teaching actually. 13 Other Education Problems 1) Unbalance between studying and extra curricular activities: Chart 4. 10 shows that more than half (62. 5%) of the respondents usually receive tutoring less than 5 hours per week. It indicates that attending tutorial class consumes not much time too many respondents. However, Chart 4. 11 shows that nearly half of the respondents will have less time for activities other than studying. Are most of the respondents, saying that they have less time for activities other than studying, receiving tutoring more than 10 hours per week? Are most of the respondents, saying that they dont have less time for activities other than studying, receiving tutoring less than 10 hours per week? 14 The table declared 3S below shows that the answers for both questions above are: No. Table4. 1 (Combining Chart 4. 10 and Chart 4. 11): 15 hours 1 (33%) 2 (67%) Yes No After combining the two charts, I found that more than 50% of the respondents said they have less time for extra curricular activities, even though they receive tutoring less than or equal to 10 hours per week. At the same time, more than 65% of the respondents said they dont have less time for extra curricular activities, even they receive tutoring more than or equal to 10 hours per week. These suggest that how much time spending on receiving tutoring might not have direct relationship with affecting the time for having extra curricular activities. The contradicting result for more than 50% of respondents receiving tutoring less than 10 hours per week but having less time for extra curricular activities may due to the reason that although receive tutoring only a few hours per week, traveling to attend tutorial class takes time, or revision and homework are assigned by the tutors, or they choose to sacrifice the time for having extra curricular activities first when they have to receive tutoring. While the contradicting result for more than 60% of respondents receiving tutoring more than 10 hours per week but not having less time for extra curricular activities may due to the reason that these data are collected by a few number of respondents, that might not be able to reflect the general condition. In short, the result shows that it is quite unbalanced between studying and extra curricular activities for respondents. Some students may put too much time on studying and they may sacrifice their time for extra curricular activities (e. g.nearly 50% of the respondents have less time for activities other than studying after receiving tutoring). They may not have an all-round and well-balanced development. 15 2) Heavy financial burden to family and Unfairness between the rich and poor: From Chart 4. 11, most respondents usually pay more than $800 for the tutorial fee per month. It is the same as the results of the Census Statistics Department found in 04/052. According to the Census Statistics Department, the average monthly expenditure on tuition is $1069, $879 and $828 of students of lower secondary, upper secondary and preparatory course respectively. Chart4. tt shows that the tutorial fee of the respondents is mostly bore by then-parents, which would become a financial burden of their family. None of them receive tutoring freely. Besides, only one respondent will pay the tutorial fee by himself/herself, using the money he/she got from his/her part-time job. This may affect his/her studies and health if he/she put too much time on doing part-time job. Fortunately, most respondents dont need to do so. As mentioned before, receiving tutoring may become a financial burden to the family and most respondents of not receiving tutoring because of the expensive tutorial fees. Even for those who receive tutoring, 63% (30/48) of them said the tutorial fee is expensive. This may create the unfairness between the rich and the poor that only those who can afford can receive tutoring. 16 Chapter 5 Conclusion Unlike what the impression of the general public, attending tutorial schools are not only teaching skills for students to tackle the examinations. Other than that, it can also provide quite a lot of benefits to students, such as getting the knowledge and having more confidence, as well as providing benefits to school, because students are able to understand the lessons better. It can be viewed as a useful assisting tool for teaching students besides the normal school. However, the trend that more and more students received tutoring reflects some problems about the existing education system as well as creating some new problems. The existing education system is emphasizing too much on the academic results and making students have a wrong attitude that the most important thing is to get high score. Besides, the spoon-feeding way of teaching used makes students not encourage to have critical thinking. Yet, it is fortunate to find that general respondents desire 2-ways interaction actually. To change peoples traditional thinking of getting high score is the most important is still a long way to go. It is hoped that the government can promote to the society that the importance to learn the knowledge is as same important as, if not more than, getting the marks, and also getting high score is not the only way to reach success. On the other hand, changing the traditional teaching method may be one of the solutions. Students interest in learning will be aroused and students can develop critical thinking instead of just receiving what have been told, by using 2-ways interaction. Teachers can also try to have a more interesting way to teach, for example, using real life examples to explain the difficult theories in books 17 Reflection After completing this study, I have a better understanding of the reasons for and impact on teenagers who attend tutorial classes. Unlike many people’s suspicion of the benefits of tutorial classes, the survey results indicated how the positive impact of tutorial classes attracted students. However, there may be a need to collect more data to further reveal the relationships between the traditional teaching methods in schools and the trend of attending tutorial classes. (Word count: 3797) 18 Chapter 6 Bibliography 1. ‘Private Supplementary Tutoring: Implications’, Mark Bray, 2005 Comparative Perspectives on Patterns and 2. Latest 2004/05-based Consumer Price Indices, Census Statistics Department, 2005 3. Youth Opinion Polls No34 Students and Private Tuition, Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups (HKFYG), May 1996 4. , * · , *  ·1994  · 5.  ·1992 6. 2000 19 Appendix Questionnaire 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Marks awarded and Comments: Title: Stage III: Marks Comments: Is attending tutorial classes a new trend? 5-6 The candidate is able to explain how s/he discerns the research direction with the knowledge basis from the literature review. Furthermore, analytical skills are demonstrated by the manipulation and integration of data to enrich the findings from the survey. Though the candidate is able to put forward suggestions with reference to the findings, s/he does not justify well the conclusion by employing and analyzing the data. There is a sweeping argument of relating the trend of attending tutorial classes to the spoon-feeding education system. Also, one of the enquiry questions, â€Å"Is there a trend in attending tutorial classes for secondary school students†, is not addressed in the study. 32